St. Basil's Cathedral, is a Russian Orthodox Cathedral erected in Red Square in Moscow, Russia, between 1555 and 1561. Built on the order of Ivan IV of Russia to commemorate the capture of Kazan and Astrakhan, marks the geometric center of the city and the center of its growth, since the fourteenth century. It was the tallest building in Moscow to completion of the Belfry of Ivan the Great in 1600.
The original building, known as "Trinity Church" and after "Trinity Cathedral," contained eight churches side arranged around the central building, the tenth church was erected in 1588 on the saint's tomb revered place Vasily (Basil). In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the cathedral, considered the symbol of the land "Heavenly City",was popularly known as "Jerusalem" and served as an allegory of the Temple of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday parade in the presence of the Patriarch of Moscow and the Tsar.The design of the building, shaped like a flame of fire rising into heaven, has no analogues in the field of Russian architecture: "It's like no other Russian building. Nothing similar can be found in full millennium of Byzantine tradition of the century V to the XV ... a stranger who surprises you with its unpredictability, complexity and beauty. " The cathedral anticipated climax of the national architecture of Russia in the seventeenth century .
The cathedral has operated as a division of the State Historical Museum since 1928. has been completely secularized in 1929, and in 2010, continued to be federal property of the Russian Federation. The cathedral is part of the Kremlin and Red Square, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990.
The original building, known as "Trinity Church" and after "Trinity Cathedral," contained eight churches side arranged around the central building, the tenth church was erected in 1588 on the saint's tomb revered place Vasily (Basil). In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the cathedral, considered the symbol of the land "Heavenly City",was popularly known as "Jerusalem" and served as an allegory of the Temple of Jerusalem on Palm Sunday parade in the presence of the Patriarch of Moscow and the Tsar.The design of the building, shaped like a flame of fire rising into heaven, has no analogues in the field of Russian architecture: "It's like no other Russian building. Nothing similar can be found in full millennium of Byzantine tradition of the century V to the XV ... a stranger who surprises you with its unpredictability, complexity and beauty. " The cathedral anticipated climax of the national architecture of Russia in the seventeenth century .
The cathedral has operated as a division of the State Historical Museum since 1928. has been completely secularized in 1929, and in 2010, continued to be federal property of the Russian Federation. The cathedral is part of the Kremlin and Red Square, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990.
history
Postcard from early XX.Pertencente the Russian Orthodox Church, the cathedral had its construction ordered by Czar Ivan the Terrible to commemorate the conquest of Kazan, which took place between 1555 to 1561. In 1588 the Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich ordered a new chapel was added on the east side of the building, above the tomb of St. Basil the Blessed, holy name by which the cathedral was popularly called.
St. Basil is on the southeast end of Red Square, just ahead of Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin. Not being very large, consisting of nine small chapels built.
In a garden in front of the church is a bronze statue, erected in honor of Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin, who gathered volunteers for the army that fought against the Polish invaders during the period known as Time of Troubles.
The initial concept was to build a group of chapels, each dedicated to every saint on whose day the Tsar won a battle, but the construction of a central tower unifies these spaces into a single cathedral. The legend says that the Czar Ivan blinded the architect Postnik Yakovlev, to prevent build a more magnificent building for anyone else.
St. Basil's Cathedral should not be confused with the Moscow Kremlin, which is situated in Red Square, the same place where the Cathedral of St. Basil is located.
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